摘 要
   本文对于一个籼粳杂交来源(窄叶青8号×京系17)的双水稻双单倍体群体进行了遗传作图和基因组分析，对部分数量性状进行了QTL区间作图分析，并发展了一种基于端粒重复顺序的新型分子标记方法。主要结果如下：
   1.水稻分子遗传图谱的构建与分析：
   利用扩大了的DH群体(127株)构建了包含320个位点的高度遗传图谱，复盖基因组1962cM。在图谱包括219个RFLP标记，19个RAPD标记，69个微卫星标记，以及13个基于端粒重复顺序的端粒重复相关序列(TAS)标记和同工酶标记。
   有30.7％的标记表现为偏离1∶1的孟德尔定律预期比例(P＜0.05)，这些偏分离标记绝大部分集中在11个染色体区域内。
   与DH群体图谱与没群体的图谱进行了比较。不同群体中绝大多数标记在染色体上的定位和相对次序是一致的。但偏分离标记的比例、分布；少数探针的染色体定位；以及图距都存在差异。
   2.数量性状的QTL区间作图分析：
   (1)对生育期，株高，干粒重，每穗颖花数，每穗粒数和结实率六个农艺性状在三种不同环境下的表现进行了QTL分析，检测到22个QTL位点。发现存在明显的QTL与环境的相互作用，这种作用具有性状依赖性。还发现控制关性状的基因常有相同或相近的染色体定位。
   (2)利用DH群体各株系与双亲回交构建的回交群体，检测到10个位点。进一步以胚囊败育率为指标，定位了两个控制胚囊育性的基因位点esa-1和esa-2。
   (3)考查DH群体各株系的花药培养的愈伤组织诱导率，定位了5个控制愈伤组织诱导率的QTL位点，共解释表型变异的65％。
   3.发展基于端粒重复顺序的新型分子标记：
   利用RAPD引物介导的不对称PCR方法(RM-PCR)，发展了一种基于端粒重复顺序的新型分子标记。在31个定位位点中，有15个定位在遗传图谱染色体的10个臂的最远端，其中有些可能是定位在亚端粒区，7个位点定位在着丝粒区，另外有3个位点定位于染色体内的高交换区。表明端粒重复在水稻染色体内主要分布于染色体的。最末端区域和着丝粒区域。

   Abstract
This study was conducted with a rice doubled haploid(DH)population de-rived from the inter-subspecific cross between indica variety(Zhaiyeqing8)andjaponica variety(Jingxil7).The research includes the genetic map constructionand genome analysis,quantitative trait loci(QTL)interval mapping analysis forsome quantitative traits,and the development of a new type of molecular markermethod based on telomeric repeat.The main results are summarized as below:
1.Construction and analysis of rice genetic molecular linkage map:
A high density genetic linkage map comprised of 320 loci was constructed byusing an enlarged doubled haploid population(127 lines),which covers 1962 cen-timorgan(cM)of the rice genome.The makers used including 219 RFLP mark-ers,17 RAPD markers,69 microsatellite markers and 13 other types markers(telomeric repeat-based markers and isozyme markers).30.7% of the markersdeviated from the expected 1:1 Mendalian segregation ratio(P＜0.05),withmost of which distributed in 11 chromosomal region.
Comparison between different mapping populations showed that most probesare mapped to the same chromosomes with an unchanged relative sequence be-tween them.But the frequency and chromosomal distribution of markers show-ing skewed segregation ratio,the chromosomal location of a few of the probesand the recombination ratio varied in different mapping populations.
2.Interval QTL analysis of some quantitative traits:
(1).The QTL analysis was conducted for six important agronomic traits,including heading days,plant height,1000-grain weight,panicle and grainnumbers per spikelette and seed set percentage.The traits were evaluated underthree environments.22 QTLs were detected for these six traits. Evidence forQTL-environment interaction.was found and the interaction was trait-depen-dent.It was also found that QTLs controlling correlated traits were oftenmapped to the same or nearby region on the same chromosomes.
(2).By using the backcross population derived through backcrossing theDH lines with the two parents,10 QTL loci controlling hybrid spikelette fertilityin subspecific cross were detected.Further analysis identified two genetic lociwhich specifically controlling hybrid embryo sac fertility.
(3).The callus induction percentage from anthers was evaluated in the DHpopulation and 5 QTL loci were detected,which could totally explain 65% of thephenotypic variance.
3.Development of new molecular marker method based on telomeric re-peats:
By using RAPD primer mediated asymmetric PCR(RM-PCR)method,anew type of molecular maker based on the telomeric repeats sequence was devel-oped.Thirty-one loci were mapped onto the genetic map.Of these loci,15 lociwere mapped to the most distal position of 10 chromosome arms with some ofwhich may be located in subtelomeric region,7 loci were mapped to the approxi-mate positions of centromeric regions and three loci were mapped to interstitialchromosomal regions showing increased crossovers in ZJDH population.